Jamaican Caribbean Context Children And Young People Essay Essays

Jamaican Caribbean Context Children And Young People Essay Essays Jamaican Caribbean Context Children And Young People Essay Essay Jamaican Caribbean Context Children And Young People Essay Essay When I grow up, I want to be like ma , when I grow up, I want to be like dada , when I grow up, I want to be like Usain Bolt or even Shaggy, a popular reggae creative person . These are some quotation marks from kids who want to copy single visual aspect and mode. Have you of all time stopped and asked yourself where your kid picked up a certain behavior or wont whether it is good or bad? The reply is through the people around them. So in other words, they are paying attending to what the people around them are making. This includes you, your kid s siblings, friends, instructors and even the people they watch on telecasting. Making certain that your kid is influenced by positive function theoretical accounts will assist them to accomplish more in life. Harmonizing to the Oxford Dictionary, the term function theoretical account by and large means any individual who serves as an illustration and whose behavior is emulated by others ( Stevenson A ; Lindberg, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Christine Hulme states that, Role theoretical accounts are a really powerful force for puting and accomplishing productive ends. Children heads are of course developed to larn from the experience of others. Whether the experience is captured in the signifier of books, narratives, or games the experience of others offers a really powerful manner to make a higher degree of success. Why do we utilize function theoretical accounts, to assist kids larn the accomplishments needed to be a motivated self-learner? This is because patterning the behavior, ideas, and attitudes of successful people has been shown to assist a individual become more successful. Hulme farther states that research has shown that about all of the successful people today had a series of function theoretical accounts. The leaders of today all had great function theoretical accounts that inspired them to great highs . The choice of good function theoretical accounts serves as a usher for them to do the most out of their abilities. By presenting your kid to function theoretical accounts for all facets of their lives, you are turning their imaginativeness. With good function theoretical accounts, you get your kid to conceive of success. Harmonizing to the cyberspace web site, more4kids.com: Positive function theoretical accounts are of import in the turning kid s life. They are extremely of import for kids psychologically, assisting to steer them through life during their development, to do of import determinations that affect the result of their lives, and to assist them happen felicity in ulterior life . When kids are turning up, they look to function theoretical accounts for inspiration and utilize this as a design for how they should act when they get older. This is likely a survival map designed to assist us to mime the traits of those successful members of our society and thereby assist our kids to be successful excessively. In add-on, the More4kids web site farther stated that at the same clip, in ulterior life, its idea that kids felicity is really much based on their perceptual experience of how their life should or could be and the spread between that and how it is in world. In other words, it is endeavoring for that same sort of success and accomplishing it that brings kids felicity or otherwise when they get older. This is called actualization harmonizing to Goldstein. As such so, holding the right function theoretical account will guarantee that kids learn to be successful and adaptative in ulterior life, and that they are happy when they are older holding achieved that purpose. It s really of import to acquire the right 1 for yourself, and to supply one for your kid or kids. Harmonizing to Clarke, a junior editor, she stated that: Childs are exposed to a figure of different function theoretical accounts in Jamaican and in the Caribbean on a whole. On one manus she stated that, the sad thing is, non all function theoretical accounts today are positive.A For illustration, a character on a Television show or a film that a child thinks is cool or neat.A A public figure or a scoundrel might do a kid privation to make the things that this individual does. A Even adolescents imitate negative function theoretical accounts like older kids in high school or pack members.A A adolescent might be pressured into making something all the other adolescents do. Many people have function theoretical accounts ; all people do, even if they do nt cognize it. On the other manus Clarke added that The most obvious function theoretical accounts for any kid or kids are their parents, followed by other immediate household, household friend and professionals such as instructors, attorneies, physicians, merely to call a few . First, parents are the biggest function theoretical accounts because they ever teach their kids to remain out of problem and warns them of the effects that comes with doing incorrect decisions.A But they besides teach their kids about the good wagess and where you can travel when you make the right decisions.A In add-on, parents portion personal narratives of when they made incorrect determinations in their life, and kids learn from that. Every kid asks their parents for advice and even if they do nt, they still follow their parent s ways.A Parents have a large function in their kid s life and some parents do nt take it seriously.A If parents do nt take their womb-to-tomb undertakings, with their kid, earnestly the kid wi ll believe that their parents do nt care about them.A The kid will travel out and make bad things for attending, and all they will have is negative attending. If the parent neglects their kid or if a kid receives negative attending from their parents, the kid will look up to person else to accomplish positive or negative attending. In contrast, a good behaved and a high achieving kid must hold a good function theoretical account. Second, instructors tend to be function theoretical accounts for most, if non all of their pupils because most of their yearss are spent at school in the schoolroom with their instructors so they become attached to the instructors even more than their parents in the place. In add-on, there are other professionals that kids imitate to be function theoretical accounts. Some of these persons are psychologists, counsel counsellors, attorneies, physicians and nurses. They look up to these professionals because they are successful people who have worked difficult to accomplish their dreams and aspirations in life. Third, athleticss stars and jocks are function theoretical accounts for kids today.A Athletes everyplace spends clip working with charitable organisations and donate to the cause of destitute children.A They are healthy with their mental determinations and physical well being.A Athletes and athleticss stars are usually fleet, energetic, active and flexible and kids tend to be fascinated by these persons. They make kids want to be like them in many ways because they are really successful people. Some kids imitate sketch fictional characters to be their function theoretical accounts. However, some sketch characters are nt good function theoretical accounts. There are a few characters and plans that are positive and they teach of import lessons. For illustration on Discovery Kids there is Turning Up Creepy and Grossology. Both are positive shows, the first trades with being different, holding a household that is different and being comfy with who you are. The 2nd is a positive manner of covering with emphasis and jobs that pop up in life, most of which are related to bodily maps, but it is a brother/sister squad that saves the universe in each episode. This may be wholly realistic but is it better than holding your kids watch senseless sketchs that teach force and bad behavior. Harmonizing to the article, The Importance of Role Models , states why it s so of import in these functions to supply a good function theoretical account: As kids will be copying your behaviour, that means that if you smoke, you can anticipate your kid to take up smoking either now or later in life. If you swear meanwhile they excessively will curse. You are their bluish print for life. At the same clip though they will happen other function theoretical accounts elsewhere as they grow older, merely as you likely have different function theoretical accounts today. If you re taking a function theoretical account for yourself or for a kid so, it s of import to do certain that they have good ethical motives and do nt indulge in suicidal behavior. A good function theoretical account should be person difficult working, originative, free thought and moral. ( Thomas, 2011 ) While you ca nt take function theoretical accounts for your kids as such, you can do certain that they are exposed to a better choice to take from. For illustration promoting your kid to read Superman instead than The Punisher ( who murders his enemies and has a general bad attitude ) might hold a good impact on the manner they turn out. Similarly, if you find that they re hanging about in what you deem to be the incorrect crowd so these can function as bad function theoretical accounts. To work out this job, seek presenting them to other groups and promoting them to mix more while maintaining them at place more darks they want to travel off with their incorrect group. Meanwhile if you find that your life is presently non traveling the manner you want it to and you are turning distant from your friends and household, so look at your ain precedences and who your current influences are. At the same clip though it s of import non to set function theoretical accounts on a base. If they re human and existent so they need to be recognized as such. Everyone makes errors and so to follow anyone blindly is a error. Recognized that this is a guide for you and non person you have to follow precisely. One good manner to forestall this from being a job is to hold multiple function theoretical accounts. This manner if one of them does something you do nt hold with so you ll still hold others you can look to. At the same clip it can be reasonable to hold different function theoretical accounts for different countries of your life. Harmonizing to the Benefits of Role Models for Kids , the benefits of exposing kids to positive function theoretical accounts are important in many ways. Some of these ways are First, to heighten behavior and to expose positive attitudes and idiosyncrasy so your kid will non expose unacceptable behavior. Second, exposing kids to positive function theoretical accounts serve as a usher for kids to do the most out of their abilities. Third, acquiring your kid or kids to conceive of success by puting and accomplishing positive and productive ends that they would desire to accomplish in life with the betterment in calling planning and determination devising. Fourthly, steering kids to develop maximal potency in all facets of their lives and eventually geting the accomplishments needed to be excel in life and besides in academe. In drumhead, to assist do certain that you are being a positive function theoretical account to your kids, make certain that you portion your values with your kids, this means that you talk to your kids about where you stand on issues such as drugs, smoke, sex, homeless, poorness, and faith merely to call a few. Following, demo your kids that you are confident and happy with who you are. Your kids need to see that you have self esteem. If they see that ma and pa are happy with who they are, so they are more likely to be happy with who they are. Besides along with that, demo them the importance of being independent. Be yourself and be happy with who you are. Deal with your emphasis in positive ways. Part of being human agencies covering with emphasis on a day-to-day footing. Some yearss there is more stress than others. You do nt hold to conceal emphasis from your kids, alternatively demo them how to cover with it. Let your kids know about your successes and your failures. Disappointments are merely every bit much a portion of life as successes are. Failing does nt do you a bad individual, it gives you the opportunity to larn how to make something better. Let your kids know that you love them no affair what. Do non presume for one minute that kids know this innately. Do nt experience bad if you child inquiries it, take it as an chance to brush them in your weaponries and state them how much you love them and how unbelievable they are. A concluding tip for parents on being a positive function theoretical account for your kid or kids is to do certain you are involved in their lives. Talk to them about their twenty-four hours at school, what they learned and what they did. Know who their friends are. Know who your kid is out with, who are their function theoretical accounts. Take a expression at who they hang out with, who they talk about the most and who they watch on telecasting. Role theoretica l accounts are the most of import thing in a kid s life when turning up.A Everyone needs person to look up to.A You could be a function theoretical account some twenty-four hours ; you likely are one now to a younger brother, sister, comparative or friend and your pupils. Set positive illustrations for kids to follow, seek to be the best function theoretical account you can be.

Acute Health Effect Definition

Acute Health Effect Definition An acute health effect is the effect caused by the initial exposure of a hazardous chemical on a human or animal body. When a hazardous materials acute health effect is listed, the effects are generally severe and dangerous adverse effects, but subside after the exposure stops. In contrast, chronic health effects persist following exposure, even if the exposure stops. Acute health effects typically appear immediately or shortly after exposure and occur after relatively high exposure to a hazardous substance. Examples of Acute Health Effects Common examples of acute health effects include: Allergic reactions (including anaphylactic shock)IrritationRashes or dry skinBurnsDermatitisMetal fume feverLethal Concentration (LC)LC50Hearing loss Note dermatitis may also occur as a chronic health effect. Lethal concentration is the amount of a substance that is immediately dangerous to life and may cause death. LC50 is the concentration of a substance that causes death to one half or 50% of test subjects.

United Kingdom fashion retailers' strategies of internet branding Dissertation

United Kingdom fashion retailers' strategies of internet branding - Dissertation Example Internet technology is progressing and it has empowered customers to shop from online fashion retailers. In this setup customers can undertake a shopping tour whenever they like to. One of the advantages of this kind of fashion retailing is that customers have the luxury to express their needs and wants more accurately. These online retail stores are equipped with the capabilities which enable online shoppers to make the retailers understand what they are looking for. According to Tzokas and Saren (2004) businesses are able to have closer relationships with their customers through their website and online business. Dayal, Landesberg, and Zeisser (2001) said that strong relationship with the customers is important in the success of online business. Moreover Cuthbertson and Bridson (2006) have said that effective marketing campaigns, loyalty programs, and other marketing strategies can be helpful in increasing customer satisfaction level even in the online businesses. Dayal, Landesberg , and Zeisser (2001) have suggested that businesses need to create familiarity, reassurance and intimacy if they want to be successful as an online business. They also said that these factors influence the customer satisfaction level. Therefore, advancement in technology and adaptation of technology by the firms in the fashion industry has been one of the differentiating features of online retail stores as compared to traditional retail stores (Fashion United). Since the fashion industry of UK comprises of diverse customer segments, therefore it is imperative that fashion retailers and manufacturers employ different marketing and branding strategies to reach out to these diverse customer segments.... United Kingdom fashion retailers' strategies of internet branding Introduction The United Kingdom’s fashion industry is one of its most vibrant sectors of its economy. Characteristics of consumers of this industry make it a customer and brand driven market-place. In order for brands to compete successfully in this industry they need to be market driven, meaning that they need to design their unique selling proposition according to the needs and aspirations of the customer segments they want to target (Wol?nbarger, and Gilly, 2001) Diversity of customer preferences presents attractive opportunities to manufacturers and retailers of this industry. Consumer behaviour and preferences have been changing with the passage of time, and today consumers can shop from anywhere. The marketing and branding strategies adapted by the online fashion retailer play an important role in increasing the sales of the product. Moreover, appropriate online branding strategy reduces the risk of the failure of the product (Laroche, Habibi, Richard, and Sankaranarayanan, 2012). Moreover, it allows organisations to reduce their marketing costs and thus they are able to reach their customers easily and in a cost effective manner. Therefore, the significance of the online branding strategies cannot be ignored in the online fashion retail industry. The research study and its findings will be useful for different analysts, economists, researchers and fashion industry participants. The most important aspect of this research is that it analyzes the strategies that are needed by online retailers to succeed.

Pharmacology virtual assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pharmacology virtual assignment - Essay Example One among them is neostigmine. Neostigmine is the reversible inhibitor of the postsynaptic cholin esterase enzyme and thus acing as the cholinergic agent. Neostigmine increases the amount of acetylcholines that are available for the nicotine receptors at the myoneural junction and thus enhances the muscle strength for contraction. It is also used as the antidote for the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. (Aschenbrenner and Venable 2008). Â µ Conotocin is a short peptide of 22 aminoacids. It is isolated from the venom of many types of cone snail. Â µ Conotoxin have high binding affinity and discriminates well between the skeletal and cardiac isoforms. They have three disulfide bonds and three loop framework. Â µ Conotoxin has many positively charges residues that attracts the negatively charged residues. The arginine residue present in the 13th or 14th position seems to be the most critical group for the channel block. These residues block the sodium channel by using its positive charge. As positive charge is exerted by both repulsion occurs at the pore using electrostatic repulsion. (Canning and Spina 2009). Suxamethonium contains two acetylcholine molecules joined for acting as the neuromuscular blocking drug. They act as agonist by binding to the nicotinic cholinergic receptor and results in the depolarization of the muscle cell membranes. (Sidebotham and Levy 2007). Tetrodotoxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the puffer fish. This is an example for the ion-channel neurotoxin. This is an effective tool for identifying the inhibition of the intestine due to contractile activity as it blocks the neural activity without disturbing the muscle. (Rhoades and Bell 2008). 3, 4 diaminopyridine is a voltage dependent potassium channel blocker. This drug is used for improving the motor function and fatigue in the multiple scelrosis in patients. The blockage occurs in the nerve terminal and increases the

Shakespeares Macbeth was a Tragic Hero :: Free Macbeth Essays

Macbeth was a Tragic Hero Macbeth exhibits most, if not all, of the classic traits of a Shakespearean tragic hero almost flawlessly. From his rise to greatness to his ultimate destruction and death, he is most certainly a tragic hero. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a thane--a high-ranking vassal to the king, much like a duke. Macbeth is also an extraordinary general. Macbeth meets three witches after his victory in a great battle. The witches already know his weakest point and act upon it. Their prophecies rap into his pride he becomes their overly-determined puppet. Ultimately, Hecate's final words in scene III.5 show us the true intent of the witches: "He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear His hopes 'bove, wisdom, grace, and fear: And you all know security Is mortals' chiefest enemy" (3.5.30-33). These lines give us a give us a glimpse at the witches' intent. Hecate's words also tell us a little bit about Macbeth and his pride. Although many have argued that Macbeth's flaw was "over-ambition", this author would have to disagree. Macbeth's pride ultimately was what killed him. His pride was what brought him to power as the witches prophesied. It fed his determination, and finally, in Act V, Macbeth's final lines show this pride in full-blook at its ugliest: "I will not yield, To kiss the ground before young Malcolm's feet, And to be baited with the rabble's cause. Though Birnam Wood be came to Dunisane, And thou opposed, being no woman born, Yet I will try the last. Before my body I throw my warlike shield. Lay on, Macduff; And damned be him that first cries "Hold, enough!" (5.8.28-34). If Macbeth had had less pride, he would likely have acted much differently. For one, he would have been more discerning of the witches and much less willing to believe the prophecies of his death. Macbeth has victories in many battles. His victories surely fill him with pride. His captain tells King Duncan of his victory in the following lines: "As the sparrows eagles, or the hair the lion. If I say sooth, I must report they were As canons overcharged with double cracks; So they doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe" (1.

Critical analysis of marketing ethics- corporate social responsibility Essay

Introduction Ethical conduct of marketing activities is essential for any serious business in the current globalized business environment. The issue of corporate social responsibility has been a challenge to many managers and will continue to do so in case proper mechanisms and policies are not put in place and implemented. The report gives an analysis of CSR practices and subsequently provides arguments in favour of the practice and those that do not. Long term perspective in carrying out CSR has been stressed. Sustainable CSR practices ensure that the business remains relevant in the long run, performs better and the needs of the community and environment are addressed. The impacts of CSR dimensions on the marketing mix strategy adopted by the firm have also been dealt with. The best approach to CSR has been suggested and recommendation is that the approach which resonates well with the goals of the firm must be adopted. The blue-chip company tackled in this report is Nike. Report summary It has been observed that marketing ethics still is a topic attracting vigorous debate among scholars and business practitioners. Currently, there is a corporate social responsibility movement that has been incited by a number of catalytic forces. However, these forces driving CSR in the current business setup have been propelled by serious shifts exhibited in the relationship of the market, individual and the state. Core drivers in CSR have been the ever-growing expectations from stakeholders, the ever shrinking role played by the state in businesses, levels of responsibility being put on supply chains, and the adding pressure emanating from shareholders (Amaeshi, et al., 2006, pp.4,17, 25). See more: how to write an analysis Studies that have been conducted indicate that the current public is more sensitive to CSR and thus expects much from businesses and it is therefore coming up with groups such as consumers, activists, community, employees, and shareholders so as to see to it that they are heard by corporate decision-makers. CSR could be viewed as the continuous commitment of businesses to act in a manner that is ethical and subsequently contribute to the economic development of society while trying to improve the life quality of its workforce and their families and that of the local community. The company becomes obliged to become sensitive to the demands of all stakeholders. It must be stated clearly that CSR does not imply monetary hand-outs in form of grants or donations (McWilliams & Siegel, 2000, pp.603-609). This is a myopic view of CSR that has often led to the vague argument that the business of a business entity is to do business and thus not to be concerned with issues going on in the society. This has often pitted CSR against profitability thus arguing that CSR programs will deter a firm from achieving its profitability goals. Long term views on CSR and profitability however indicate that a firm practicing CSR programs performs better than those which do not. The firm chosen for the report is Nike which deals in sports footwear and apparels. Analysis Critical Analysis of Arguments for and Against Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Friedman (2008, pp.32-33) notes that CSR is deemed to be a very comprehensive package of serious practices and programs guided by policies which are all integrated into the operations of a business entity, supply chains, and its decision making processes in the whole firm and this spins across current and past actions and the impact that the operations have on future welfare of business, society and environment in general. In this regard, CSR issues are related to community investment, governance, business ethics, human rights, market and working environment (Li & Su, 2007, pp.237-256). This eliminates the myopic view of CSR as simple charity and therefore calls upon the firm to incorporate fully the impact of its operations on stakeholders as well as the environment at the point of decision-making. Managers must thus juggle with a delicate balance that exists between the stakeholder needs, company needs to make profits and perform better, and be able to adequately reward shareholder. The argument posed for new corporate leaders is that of profit optimization being the key to success as opposed to profit maximization thus bringing a serious paradigm shift in terms of accountability to the firm’s shareholders to the social responsibility towards customers and other stakeholders in society (Chapple & Moon, 2005, pp.415-441). Given the current competitive international marketing, ethics have been singled out as playing a pivotal role since businesses have realized that they are handling human values as well as beliefs. Businesses have largely spread across geographic boundaries and the current marketers are faced with cross-cultural issues that they must deal with. Multinationals that did not notice this responsibility such as McDonald and Nestle ended up facing serious ethical problems in their marketing activities going as far as getting themselves in suits that cost them millions of dollars (Li & Su, 2007, pp.237-256). Bansal & Roth, (2000, pp.717–736) think that those who support CSR activities bring in very interesting arguments. They hold that CSR practices do enhance the firm and its brand image due to the good reputation that CSR brings on board. Companies that do CSR programs effectively have also been found to easily attract ethical sensitive employees and their retention levels are high because of the satisfaction and motivational levels that such employees do record. Such firms do report high growth rates in terms of market share and are able to easily attract new investors in their business ventures (McWilliams & Siegel, 2000, pp.603-609). Furthermore, firms with working CSR programs have experienced lower costs of operations and are thus able to report high net profit margins. These arguments for CSR practices are supported by the logic that a firm that is socially responsible does care about its customers, suppliers, employees, society, local community, and the environment as a whole. It thus becomes an approach through which a firm does recognize the wide impact that its business operations have on the society and its development and in essence ends up supporting the firm in pursuit of its business success and that it has to actively handle the social, environmental, economic, and human rights issues. This calls for sustainable development as well as good levels of corporate governance (Roux, 2007, pp.23-25). Chambers, et al., (2003, pp.112-119) argue that normative arguments do recognize the needs for CSR are mainly pillared on instrumental rationales or ethical, and those that are against CSR practices are based on property rights perspectives or institutional functions. In this regard, ethicists do argue that companies are obliged to act or behave in a manner that is socially responsible since that is something that is morally correct. Extremists in instrumental rationales would still support CSR programs even when they pose unproductive outcomes for the firm. The stand is based on the rational calculation which presupposes that CSR practices will in the long run benefit the firm in question (Sun, 2010, pp.45-47). This is enshrined in the organizational legitimization philosophy which poses that by showing responsibility, a firm will be able to proactively avoid and anticipate regulations of the government, make good use of opportunities that arise from the increased cultural, sexual, and environmental awareness, differentiate its products and services from those of its competitors who are not proactive, and would continue to benefit from privilege pursuits of economics (Mahon, 2002, pp.415-445). It assumes that the firm has a legal obligation to make maximized economic advantages that do accrue to its owners. The need for firms to protect their CSR practices is also presented since firms will not make supernormal profits from the CSR initiatives due to the entry of other firms (Visser, et al., 2008, pp.67-69). Visser, et al., (2008, pp.67-69) are of the view that the case against CSR is supported by the institutional function concept and that of property rights. This argument poses that the best vehicles for CSR are the governments, civil and religious organizations, and labour unions. They further argue that business managers do not have the necessary skills and time required to carry out CSR policies. They also hold that a business sector that is empowered should not be held responsible for its actions since it is not a governmental body that is in place through electoral processes. Thus, allowing businesses to carry out CSR practices is seen as being dangerous since this does allocates huge amounts of authority to the firms without exercising accountability (Chaudhri & Wang, 2007, pp.232–247). The property rights argument is rooted in neoclassical capitalism and its simplicity resonates with many scholars, especially those in finance. The position is that management reserves no right to carry out anything apart from that which increases the value of stockholders. Actions contrary to this are a violation of legal, moral and fiduciary responsibilities endowed to management (Visser, et al., 2008, pp.67-69). This is also supported by the competitive disadvantage theory which holds that CSR actions will impose a price on the company thus posing a competitive disadvantage when compared to other firms that are not practicing it. However, this is still viewed by many as a narrow view based on short term needs for profitability (Garriga & Mele, 2004, pp.51-74). How Different Dimensions of CSR Might Affect the Marketing Mix of NIKE There are a number of CSR dimensions that are tackled by a firm which is ethically responsible in its marketing mix and these include the physical environment, social, consumer, supply chain, and employee relations. The concept of marketing mix in this context is viewed as a theorized as well as structured way of effectively delivering and communicating product and service message to consumers in the market (Waddell, 2000, pp.323–345). The impacts posed by the CSR dimensions are based on the belief that the reputation of the company is quite vital to holding and maintaining a competitive position within the marketing place and in doing business successfully. The chart for CSR dimensions has been given in the appendix at the end of this report. These ethical issues if not well-addressed could create serious problems with consumers and make the marketing mix in place irrelevant. The marketing mix would include such things are product, price, place, promotion, physical evidence and people which are areas of marketing strategy application (Bhattacharya, et al., 2011, pp.56-58). The goal of business and marketing has been said to be profit maximization in a lawful manner. The behaviour portrayed in the marketplace must be ethical and ensure that there are societal benefits. The dimensions of CSR have been known to advance the corporate image, create and increase motivation as well as loyalty of both employees and consumers. A company which does not ensure employee development and proper compensation is likely to lose competitive advantage and this in turn affects the success of the marketing mix strategy employed by the firm such as Nike. When employees, who also constitute marketers, are empowered and well-developed, they enhance the performance of a company such as Nike. The environmental impact on businesses is huge (Secchi, 2007, pp.347-373). Companies that are known not to consider the impact their activities have on the environment lose out in the long run. The way the firm formulates its marketing mix strategy to resonate with the environmental needs will affect its long term viability. Such issues as use of green energy in its operations, use of biodegradable materials in advertisements, use of technology to safeguard the environment, and reduction of carbon emissions through carbon footprint measures could heavily impact on the success of its marketing mix. Ethically sensitive consumers will shun away from Nike if they find out that the company hold poor reputation on environmental issues (Peteraf, 1993, pp.179-191). Consumers on the other hand demand for quality products at competitive prices and the safety of these products must be guaranteed. A firm which does not take hid of these demands risks being thrown out of the market as consumers would avoid its products making its marketing mix strategies irrelevant. This is where the concept of consumer related marketing finds relevance since current consumers usually recognises CSR brands and end up supporting them (Covin & Miles, 1999, pp.47-63). Given the fact that Nike operates in the society and not in virtual settings, it is important that the social welfare of the local community be put into consideration in order to win trust, respect and loyalty, factors that enhance brand image and reputation. This also gives the company insurance in the society it operates in. it is hard to market a product of a company that does not have good brand image, has a ruined reputation and the society does not trust it or exhibits near zero loyalty levels (Baum & Wally, 2003, pp.1107-1129). Supply chain dimension in CSR for Nike must be considered since supply chains have been singled out as being at the core of business operations. The business in question such as Nike must be able to streamline its supply chain to resonate with the CSR demands. Marketing mix strategies that are employed in supply chains that are effectively handling CSR programs such as green logistics and green supplies have been found to resonate well with the consumers since the consumer is placed at the centre of these supply chains (Covin & Miles, 1999, pp.47-63). The Most Appropriate CSR Approaches to Adopt Numerous approaches to CSR have been proposed by many scholars and businesses. However, they are all defined by the size and resources bases controlled by organizations and the goals to be achieved in engaging in CSR. These approaches are initiatives based on community, getting into philanthropic activities, and developing business plans which build strong shared values. The company could adopt two approaches to the practice of CSR in the market. The first one should be coming up with community based initiatives where it supports organizations, events, as well as programs within the local community it operates in as this could pose strong positive impacts in the long run. This could subsequently create a positive brand recognition which resonates well with the community (Barney & Arikan, 2001, pp.67-78). This strategy should be done in combination with the approach of shared value. This shared value approach is a CSR initiative that focuses on building a set of shared values which do recognize the fact that long term success of the business as well as achieving a balanced social system are two concepts that are interdependent to each other. This approach is enshrined in the belief that for a business to thrive, the community in which it operates in must be healthy, educated, and governed in the most appropriate way possible (Lopez, et al., 2007, pp.285–300). In this regard, factoring in formal investments in areas of education, social well-fare, healthcare, and civil society when coming up with strategic business plans is the best avenue in creating opportunities that enhance and build social value while ensuring long term growth for the firm. Whichever approach a firm such as Nike adopts the most important consideration should be that it has to offer sustainability, win goodwill from the society, and ensure that the company meets its goals. Sustainable CSR practices work to ensure that the company avoid short term focus and looks towards profit optimization in the long run (Banerjee, et al., 2008, pp.51-79). Conclusion and Recommendations Considering the current global marketing environment, serious changes have occurred when compared to what it was decades ago. In this regard, it is imperative that firms adopt CSR practices that are sustainable. Indeed there are those who argue for CSR practices by firms and those that argue against these practices as has been established in the analysis. However, differences in opinion happen to emanate due to the aspect of time difference (Agle, et al., 1999, pp.507-525). Companies that focus on short term gains from CSR will be frustrated since this cannot be easily achieved. On the other hand, firms that seek to practice long term CSR programs that are sustainable have been reported to achieve high performance levels and have managed to justify their participation in CSR to their shareholders. In a nutshell, a serious company in today’s globalized market cannot assume the need for sustainable CSR policies that it should effectively carry out (Waddell, 2000, pp.323–345). The various dimensions of CSR such as environment, social, consumer, supply chains, and employee relations have been seen to pose serious impacts on the marketing mix strategies adopted by the firm such as Nike. Finally, it is recommended that all approaches to CSR must be considered and the best approach or a combination that fits the goals of the company be chosen as has been indicated above. References Agle BR, Mitchell RK & Sonnenfeld JA (1999). Who matters to CEOs? An investigation of stakeholder attributes and salience, corporate performance, and CEO values. The Academy Manage. J. 42(5): 507-525. Amaeshi, K, Adi, B, Ogbechie, C & Amao, O. (2006) †Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria: Western Mimicry or Indigenous Influences?†. No. 39-2006, ICCSR Research Paper Series –ISSN 1479 – 5124, The University of Nottingham, pp. 4,17, 25 Banerjee BS (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Crit. Soc., 34(1): 51-79. Bansal, P. & Roth, R. (2000). â€Å"Why Companies Go Green: A model of Ecological Responsiveness†. The Academy of Management Journal 43 (4): 717–736 Barney, J.B. & Arikan, A.M. (2001). ‘The resource-based view: Origins and implications’.   In M.A. Hitt, Freeman, R.E., and Harrison, J.S. (Eds.), The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Management. Blackwell Publishers   Ltd. Malden, MA, 67-78 Baum JR & Wally S (2003). Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Strateg. Manage. J. 24: 1107-1129 Bhattacharya, CB, Sankar Sen & Korschun D., (2011) Leveraging Corporate Social Responsibility: The Stakeholder Route to Business and Social Value, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: UK. Chambers, E., Chapple, W., Moon, J., & Sullivan, M. (2003). CSR in Asia: A seven country study of CSR website reporting. International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Nottingham University, UK. Research Paper Series No. 09-2003, 112-119 Chapple, W., & Moon, J. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility in Asia: A seven-country study of CSR web site reporting. Business & Society, 44, 415-441 Chaudhri V. & Wang J (2007). Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility on the Internet: A Case Study of the Top 100 Information Technology Companies in India. Manag. Commun. Q., 21(2): 232–247 Covin, J.G. & Miles, M.P. (1999) ‘Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage’. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23: 47-63 Friedman, (2008) The social responsibility of business in to increase its profits. New York Times Magazines, 13 Sept., 32-33 Garriga, E. & Mele, D. (2004) Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping and territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53, 51-74 Li, J. & Su C., (2007) â€Å"How face influences consumption: A comparative study of American and Chinese consumers†, International Journal of Market Research 49:2, pp.237-256. Lopez, M., Garcia, A., & Rodriguez, L. (2007). Sustainable development and corporate performance: A study based on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Journal of Business Ethics, 75, 285–300 Mahon JF (2002). Corporate reputation: a research agenda using strategy and stakeholder literature. Bus. Soc. 41: 415-445 McWilliams, A., & Siegel D. (2000) â€Å"Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Correlation or misspecification?† Strategic Management Journal, 21 (5): 603-609 Peteraf, M.A. (1993), ‘The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view’. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 179-191 Roux, M. (2007). â€Å"Climate conducive to corporate action: 1 All-round Country Edition†. The Australian. Canberra, A.C.T. Secchi, D. (2007). Utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9, 4, 347-373. Sun, W. (2010), How to Govern Corporations So They Serve the Public Good: A Theory of Corporate Governance Emergence, New York: Edwin Mellen, ISBN 978-0-7734-3863-7 Visser, W., D. Matten, M. Pohl, & Tolhurst N. (eds.) (2008). The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. Wiley. 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Does Gender Play A Role Hiv / Aids - 2536 Words

Does Gender Play a Role in HIV/AIDS? When AIDS made its debut in the early 80s, societies branded it as a disease that infected homosexuals and/or IV drug abusers. People often confused HIV with AIDS. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that infects a person, and if left untreated leads to the fatal disease AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). However, over the last 35 years, we have learned that, in reality, AIDS does not discriminate against sexual orientation, drug addictions, race, age or any other factor; however, it victimizes one gender more often than the other. Researchers prove that, on a global scale, women are more susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS than are men. Both statistically and logically, women experience higher incidences of HIV exposure than men for multiple reasons. Women engage in sex work more often than men, they also experience a higher rate of sexual violence, and simply by being the inferior partner in a domestically abusive relationship. Understanding how gender in creases the HIV risk of women is crucial to winning the fight against HIV/AIDS. Women are the center of societies everywhere; therefore, it is urgent that nations stand together to educate and rid women, worldwide, of this infectious life-threatening disease. Sex workers, most of whom are female, are particularly vulnerable to being infected with the HIV virus (UNAIDS 5). 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